Immune protection against infectious diseases is most effective if located at the portal of entry of the pathogen. Hence, there is\nan increasing demand for vaccine formulations that can induce strong protective immunity following oral, respiratory, or genital\ntract administration. At present, only few mucosal vaccines are found on the market, but recent technological advancements and\na better understanding of the principles that govern priming of mucosal immune responses have contributed to a more optimistic\nview on the future of mucosal vaccines. Compared to live attenuated vaccines, subcomponent vaccines, most often protein-based,\nare considered safer, more stable, and less complicated to manufacture, but they require the addition of nontoxic and clinically safe\nadjuvants to be effective. In addition, another limiting factor is the large antigen dose that usually is required for mucosal vaccines.\nTherefore, the combination ofmucosal adjuvantswith the recent progress in nanoparticle technology provides an attractive solution\nto these problems. In particular, the liposome technology is ideal for combining protein antigen and adjuvant into an effective\nmucosal vaccine. Here, we describe and discuss recent progress in nanoparticle formulations using various types of liposomes that\nconvey strong promise for the successful development of the next generation of mucosal vaccines.
Loading....